lower Xiajiadian culture
Xiajiadian culture is famous for its highly-riped bronze culture.
According to preliminary statistics, more than 2000 Lower Xiajiadian culture sites have been found in western Liaoning, which are concentrated in the Daling River basin.
Xin Zhanshan, a researcher and member of the provincial cultural relics protection expert group, said that according to the analysis of the data measured by carbon 14, the age of Lower Xiajiadian culture was from 2000 BC to 1500 BC, representing the early stage of bronze culture in western Liaoning.
According to preliminary statistics, more than 2000 Lower Xiajiadian culture sites have been found in western Liaoning, which are concentrated in the Daling River basin, and even more densely along some major rivers than modern villages.
From the location of the ruins, they are mostly located on riverside platforms, mountain slopes, hills, and even at the top of high mountains. A group of sites with different levels and functions have been formed around the central site, which, on a large scale, can be either "chain like" or "chessboard like" and display certain defensive functions.
Most of the Lower Xiajiadian culture village walls and houses have earth rock structures. The site culture has a thick accumulation. Most of the sites have a lime soil layer of about 3 meters thick, and the thickest lime soil layer is more than 10 meters thick. Most housing sites are not only for one-time residence, but often form multiple residential areas, or multiple layers of stacked buildings above and below, reflecting the continuity and relative stability of social life during that period.
During this period, people had already used typical agricultural production tools such as shoulder stone shovels and triangular stone knives. The bronze ware they used in their manufacturing is characterized by fan-shaped earrings and rings. At the site, wooden handles of jade and stone axes, copper sets at both ends, and pottery models were also found. The bronze handle unearthed at the site of Bingmarinyingzi in Linghai City in the western Liaoning Corridor weighs more than 1000 grams and is decorated with a beaded pattern, which indicates that the bronze smelting and casting industry has reached a high level during this period.
During this period, there were clay polished black pottery and a large number of gray brown pottery, decorated with rope patterns, rope patterns, and scratch patterns. The shape of the pottery was mostly three bags of tripods. Among them, the main cultural feature is the cylindrical tripod. Some large tombs are accompanied by pottery and nobles.
The tombs are mostly rectangular vertical tombs with accompanying items. From the burial objects, it can be seen that women are often buried with spinning wheels, while men are buried with axes, arrows, etc. Although tombs still retain the traditions of clan society, it is evident that there is a division of labor between men and women, as well as differences in wealth. Copper walking sticks representing power, exquisite jade artifacts, and colored pottery ritual vessels resembling Central Plains bronze artifacts were unearthed in the tombs of nobles, reflecting the relatively complex social structure at that time.
At that time, painted pottery was still popular, that is, on the surface of polished pottery, various patterns such as cloud patterns, animal face patterns, and Kui dragon patterns were drawn in red and white colors. The strokes were intricate and varied. Painting on a smooth and non absorbent surface of pottery, with different shapes, concave and convex, is not easy to master. Therefore, someone commented that the Bronze Age gave birth to the earliest group of painting masters in China.
Xin Zhanshan said that the Lower Xiajiadian culture is an early bronze culture independently developed and continued in the Xiliao River region. It not only maintains its own unique characteristics, but also has good communication with other cultures, thus making itself develop more rapidly.
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