Probe into values of Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng
Summary
Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng is the most magnificent and largest musical instrument found in the world so far, known as the "eighth miracle" of the ancient world. Relevant departments have tuned the complete set of chime bells unearthed from the tomb of Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng. The results show that there was a complete twelve tone system in the Warring States Period, which broke the previous view that the twelve laws were from ancient Greece.
Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng has the most complete music series of the Zhou Dynasty and its music rhythm appellation system known so far. At the same time, as a tool of ritual music, it also contains rich cultural thoughts of ritual music. It is a brilliant epitome of Chinese civilization in the 5th century BC BC, a cultural symbol of China's pre Qin society, a peak art of China's Bronze Age, and a precious heritage in the treasure house of human history and culture.
There are more than 3700 characters of inscriptions on the body, frame and wall components of the Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng. These inscriptions not only indicate the pronunciation, intonation, and rank names of each bell, but also clearly indicate the corresponding relationship between these rank names and the intonation of various countries such as Chu, Zhou, Qi, and Shen. They are very important literature materials.
The excavation of Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng has proved that in History of China, a series of difficult problems in physics, musicology and foundry have been successfully solved. It represents the highest achievement of Chinese pre Qin ritual and music civilization and bronze casting technology.
The Value of Rhythmic Studies
The achievements of Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng in music discipline are mainly reflected in the following aspects:
Firstly, the use of the seven tone scale. Due to the fact that the term "changing palace" was not found in the pre Qin historical materials known in the past, people have long believed that the seven tone scale of later generations in China was transmitted from abroad with the introduction of Buddhism. The names of "Biangong" and "Bianzheng" in the inscription of Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng and their actual performance make it clear that China had adopted the seven tone scale at that time.
Secondly, the establishment of the "Law of the Third Birth". Combining the inscription records of Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng and the actual performance effect of the Bianzhong, it can be proved that the life law of Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng is based on the Chinese traditional "five degree tube generation method", that is, the "three-way profit and loss method", and also uses the "pure law three degree life law". That is to say, taking the fifth degree as the framework and adopting the law of five degree mutual growth; A previously unknown law of birth that uses the third degree as the hub, adopts pure laws, and supplements the fifth degree method with the third degree method.
Thirdly, the formation of the Twelve Laws. The inscription on the chime bells of Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng and the inscription on the discipline of the State of Chu unearthed from Yutai Mountain in Jiangling, Hubei Province, confirm that the State of Chu has its own system of twelve laws. It takes the new bell, the animal bell, Mu Zhong, Lu Zhong (Guxi), Ping Huang and Wen Wang as the six laws (yang law), while the turbid law lower than the six laws (half tone) is the six laws (yin law). The six positive laws in the twelve laws of Zeng revealed by the chime bells of Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng all follow the traditional name of Zongzhou. The names of the Six Lv (Yin Law), except for the naming of Zhuo Guxi, which is obviously similar to the Chu Law, are directly named after the Chu Law. It integrates the six laws of the Zhou Dynasty with the six laws of the Chu Dynasty, forming the twelve laws of the Zeng Dynasty. From it, it can be seen that at this time, China already had the concepts of the six rhythms of yang sound and the six lvs of yin sound.
Fourthly, the confirmation of the "law of strings". During the pre Qin period, there was no consensus on whether the law of law was "based on string law" or "based on governing law". Previously, most scholars thought it was "the law of pipe", while the inscription of Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng provided evidence for "the law of string".
Fifthly, the twelve level name system and the ability to rotate the palace. The name of the Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng is mainly composed of four steps, namely, Gong, Shang, Zheng and Yu, in addition to the traditional five tones, Gong Jiao, Shang Jiao, Zheng Jiao, Yu Jiao and Gong Zeng, Shang Zeng, Zheng Zeng and Yu Zeng. This is a unique form of rank naming system, which is based on the traditional five tones and linked by the third degree relationship, forming the twelve phoneme system. This system includes a complete chromatic scale, which allows for flexible modulation of the palace of gyres in many rhythms.
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