Moving "Bronze Weapons" of Zhou Dynasty
From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn period, bronze weapons entered a mature period. The further development of smelting and casting industry made the quality and output of bronze weapons greatly improved compared with that of the Shang Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn period, copper mining and ore smelting reached an unprecedented scale, providing a solid material foundation for expanding the production of bronzes.
Elephant nosed beast patterned axe
The axe blade is in the shape of a circular arc with large perforations in the middle. On the side hole, a monster is adorned according to its posture, with parallel braids on the top of the head that drape back to the neck, hanging in a bun shape. The Beast Oblique Order is leaf like, with one ear on each side and a wide and curved lower cheek. The nose is very long, extending forward to the blade and then curling downwards, resembling an elephant nose. The forearm is curved and the lower feet are curled, with sharp claws and a sturdy appearance. The Yue was originally a tool of torture, and according to literature records, it is believed that this image is the Xing God of Heaven.
In the disputes among the Eastern Zhou states, in order to survive, various countries placed great emphasis on improving the production technology of bronze weapons to form regional advantages, such as the sword casting technology of Wu and Yue, and the armor production of Yan. During the Warring States period, various countries established official workshops specializing in the production of weapons, casting manufacturing institutions, construction officials, and craftsmen 'names on mass-produced weapons, with the aim of ensuring the quality of weapons.
Shang Yang beryllium
Shangyang beryllium is the only beryllium artifact belonging to Shangyang both domestically and internationally. The center line of the beryllium body is ridged, the stem is woven into strips, and the blade is relatively sharp. There are two lines of 16 words inscribed on the side of the middle ridge near the stem: "Da liang zao made him grow in the 16th year, and the Yang made him become a concubine.".
There are four weapons unearthed under the supervision of Shang Yang: Da liang zao Yang Ji (Shanghai Museum) in the 13th year, Da liang zao Yang Shuding (Palace Museum) in the 16th year, Da liang zao Yang Shuding (Xianyang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology) in the 19th year, and Da liang zao Yang Shuding (National Museum of China) in the 10th year. The inscriptions on these four weapons record three points: the casting time is the chronological record; Shang Yang, the central ruler, was in charge of manufacturing supervision; The name of the casting site and manufacturer, and the first appearance of this beryllium is the name of the emperor.
Bronze beryllium is a bronze combat weapon resembling a short sword that can be attached to a long sword. It can be divided into two different forms according to the method of 柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲柲266. The second type is the beryllium with a hole that receives a hole, which may have originated from the state of Wu in the south. In the long process of evolution, some copper beryllium either adhered to the method of receiving the earth with a hole, and eventually merged into the spear class; Either give up the method of using a hole to receive the bronze, and degenerate into a flat stem beryllium, in order to simplify the casting process, facilitate mass production, and meet the astonishing quantity demand for bronze weapons in the late Warring States period.
In terms of manufacturing technology, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty also summarized the alloy ratio formula suitable for different types of weapons and different weapons, that is, "Six Qi" in Kao Gong Ji. With the improvement of process technology, we have gained a deeper understanding of the composition of bronze alloy, and can make composite swords with different tin contents in the spine and blade. The composite sword is cast twice, first casting the stem and spine, and then casting the blade. The spine of the sword has a low tin content of about 10%, which is tough and not easy to break. The blade has a high tin content of about 20%, which is strong and conducive to sharpening. This composite sword with strong exterior and tough interior can increase its lethality, which is a significant improvement in production technology.
Wu Wang Guangjian
The sword has a sharp and sharp edge, and the frame is adorned with deformed animal face patterns. The sword body is inscribed with the eight character bird script "Attack my King's Light Self acting Sword". Attack my King Guang, who is the King Helu of Wu. In 496 BC, upon hearing of the death of King Yun Chang of Yue, He Lu improvised his army to attack Yue, but was defeated by Wu Li. He Lu was injured and died, and Fu Chai succeeded him to the throne. Helu lasted for 19 years from 514 BC to 496 BC. There are still five pieces of King Wu's lightsaber that have been passed down, which are collected in Shanghai, Shanxi, Anhui, the United States, and the Netherlands. This sword is the longest among the swords of Wu Wangguang.
Bronze sword is a single pointed, two edged bronze weapon that is easy to carry and can be held with one hand. Shi Ming: Shi Bing ":" Sword is a weapon for defense, so defense is very important. "Therefore, it can be seen that in ancient China, the sword was basically defined as a bodyguard weapon primarily for personal self-defense. The most representative form of the Eastern Zhou bronze sword is the solid round stem sword.
On the basis of increasing production and quality, the performance and variety of bronze weapons in the Zhou Dynasty have constantly undergone new changes. We have created new types of weapons, such as the cross shaped halberd to the spear, the body (spear) is divided into halberds with a combination of spears, as well as swords and crossbows. The appearance of traditional weapons such as arrowheads, spears, and spears has also been improved, improving their effectiveness in killing enemies.
The King of Yue issued a spear
Wide body narrow blade, with a wide middle ridge and concave curved sides. The mouth of the hole is curved, with a small series on the front and back, and decorated with dragon and triangular patterns. The body is inscribed with the six characters' Yu Wang Zhi (sh ì) Zhi ', with the inscriptions inverted and arranged in a disorderly order. The inscriptions on the weapon casting of the Yue state are embedded in the main pottery model using movable type molds. Sometimes, there are unevenness and signs of printing. This refers to the misplacement of the type mold. The inscriptions are because the Yue king intended to be with the barbarians, the son of Goujian.
The bronze spear is one of the first metal weapons that humans mastered. The reliable upper limit of Chinese bronze spear was in the early Shang Dynasty, and its usage was different from other ancient civilizations in the world (such as ancient Greece): it was not used as a throwing weapon, but a reusable handheld assassination weapon. The basic properties of bronze spears are very simple, all of which belong to single pointed, two edged bronze weapons (some are three edged) with a tube set at the top of the handle and staff. They can be said to be constantly changing, but their specific shapes are complex and varied, extremely inconsistent. In addition to being equipped with a separate handle, Chinese bronze spears are also attached to the top of the spear and combined with the bronze spear to form a halberd, known as "halberd thorns".
However, it was precisely at the peak of the development of bronze weapons that the shadow of decline appeared. The process of steel smelting and forging has made significant progress in the Warring States period. At that time, many late Warring States period steel weapons were unearthed in countries such as Yan and Chu, marking the irreversible decline of bronze weapons.
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