Culture behind bronze cooking vessels
What are bronze ritual vessels?
Bronze ritual vessels are a type of ancient ritual vessels.And cooking vessel is one of them. The slave owners of the Western Zhou Dynasty formulated a complete set of etiquette systems, stipulating strict hierarchical differences to maintain the order of slavery rule. Due to the strengthening of the ritual system, some utensils used for sacrifices and banquets have been given special meanings and become the embodiment of the ritual system, which is called "hiding ritual in utensils". These types of artifacts are called "bronze ritual vessels", abbreviated as "ritual vessels" or "Yi vessels". For example, the cauldron was originally a cooking utensil, but later became one of the most important types of ritual vessels. According to the ritual system, the so-called "Lieding" was composed. He Xiu annotated the "Biography of Duke Huan in the Second Year of Gongyang" as follows: "The Nine Dings of the Emperor, Seven Marquises, Five Officials, and Three Yuan Scholars. It is a symbol of the authority of the slave owner's rule. The function of ritual vessels was most prominent during the flourishing period of slavery. With the decline of Slavery, "ritual collapse and music destruction", bronze ritual vessels gradually lost this role.
About cooking vessels
A cooker is a utensil used for cooking food. There are also those who classify cookware as food utensils. The functions of the tripod are divided into wok tripod (for cooking meat), upright tripod (also known as ". Lie tripod", "Lao tripod", serving meat, the most important ritual vessel), and shy tripod (also known as "Companion tripod", serving seasoning, and the accompaniment of upright tripod); According to the type of vessel, there are four legged square tripods and three legged round tripods, as well as covered and uncovered ones. The Simuwu tripod unearthed in Yin Xu in Anyang is a four legged square tripod, weighing 875 kg, which is the heaviest bronze ware ever found. In the mid to late Western Zhou Dynasty, a system of tripods was formed, which consisted of tripods with the same shape and decoration but decreasing in size, grouped according to odd numbers, each representing different identities of nobles. According to the Spring and Autumn Gongyang Zhuan, which was annotated by He Xiu in the second year of Duke Huan, the emperor used nine tripods, the princes used seven tripods, the officials used five tripods, and the scholars used three or one tripod. In archaeological discoveries, odd numbered tripods are often used in conjunction with even numbered Gui of Sheng Shu Ji, such as: 5 tripods paired with 4 Gui, 7 tripods paired with 6 Gui, etc. Among them, "9 tripods and 8 Gui" are the highest specifications and are used by the emperor. Li (L ì) food utensils, ritual vessels. There are three baggy feet. Derived from the Neolithic pottery tripods. Yan (y ǎ n) Steamer, ritual vessel. The shape of the vessel is formed by stacking the steamer and li on top and bottom. The upper container holds food, the lower container is used for boiling water, and a perforated grate is set in the middle to facilitate the passage of steam.
Tiger Eating Man Lifting Liang You Shang Late Period
A food utensil or serving utensil, a ceremonial utensil. Mainly cooked or served with millet, millet, rice, sorghum, and other foods. Oval mouth, two ears, four legged or circular legged.
With a lid and feet on top, remove the lid and flip it over to create another vessel. After eating, put it back together as one. A utensil used to hold food. Gui ǐ) Food container, ritual vessel. It was popular from the Shang Dynasty to the Warring States period. Shaped like a large bowl, with a round mouth, two ears, and circular feet. According to the book "Zhou Li, Earth Officials, Sacrifices", "All sacrificial offerings are made with a total of Gui. Bronze Gui has various shapes, with no ears in the early stage. Later, there were double ear, three ear, or four ear Gui, as well as three legged, four legged, or round body square seat Gui. Important ritual vessels. According to the records and archaeological discoveries in the "Book of Rites - Yuzao", Gui often appears with even and odd number tripods at the same time. F ǔ） Food container, ritual vessel. It is popular from the Western Weekend to the beginning of spring and autumn. It is rectangular and has a lid, which is similar in shape to the body but slightly shallow, and also has four legs. Its lid function is similar to a lid. Bean food container. It was popular in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period. Used to hold dry food, soup, and soup. As a sacrificial vessel, appearing in even combinations, beans are the last tool used to offer sacrificial food to gods. Many have no ears. During the Spring and Autumn period, ears were added on both sides of the bean plate, while during the Warring States period, the bean plate was covered. Dun (du ì) food utensil, ritual utensil. It was used to hold food such as millet, millet, rice, and sorghum.
From the mid Spring and Autumn period to the late Warring States period, it gradually replaced the Gui of the Shang and Zhou dynasties and was used in conjunction with the meat pot. The whole vessel is a sphere or oval body, commonly known as the "watermelon cauldron". A bowl for drinking, a ceremonial vessel. Open mouth, deep abdomen, with or without ears, circled feet. Zu (z ǔ） A chopping board for cutting meat; As a sacrificial vessel, it is a utensil used for sacrificial offerings. Evolved from wooden chopping boards. A square with feet at both ends, resembling a table, also known as a 'Zu table'.
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