Bronzes of the Spring and Autumn period
The Spring and Autumn period is a period of great development of Chinese culture. Metal smelting, casting and quenching have made great progress. The carving patterns on bronzes tend to be meticulous, neat, light and convenient, and there are gold inlaid inscriptions.
The historical period of the first half of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty is known as the "Spring and Autumn period".
King You of Zhou of Zhou, who was a vassal of the war drama, abolished Empress Shen and the crown prince Ji Yijiu because he loved and believed in Bao Si. He took Bao Si as his successor and Bo Fu as his crown prince. Yijiu fled to the Kingdom of Shen, and his grandfather, Lord Shen, united with Marquis Zeng, Duke Xu Wengong and Canrong (a foreign nationality) to overthrow King You of Zhou and establish Yijiu as King Ping of Zhou.
In 770 BC, King Ping of Zhou moved the capital eastward to Luoyang (now Luoyang, Henan) under the escort of the Qin army to avoid the attack of Gourong. The Zhou Dynasty after the eastward migration is known as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in history. The year when the Eastern Zhou Dynasty began is the beginning of the Spring and Autumn period. In 403 BC, the Han, Zhao, and Wei Partition of Jin, and King Weilie of Zhou established the Han, Zhao, and Wei families as marquises. The history of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty entered the Warring States period from the Spring and Autumn period.
During the Spring and Autumn period, the Zhou Dynasty only had a corner of what is now the northwest of Henan Province, with a radius of only 600 li, narrow land and few people, and greatly declined. Various vassal states have divided their territories and claimed power, no longer appearing before the King of Zhou. The power of the King of Zhou to command the vassals is also in name only. King Zhuang of Chu even asked the envoy of King Ding of Zhou about the size of the tripod sacrificing heaven and earth, aiming to destroy Zhou and stand on his own, which is the origin of the word "conquer the tripod". Zheng, Jin, Qi, Lu, Yan, Song, Chu and other major powers have been engaged in war of annexation with each other in order to compete for land, population and domination of other vassals, forming a chaotic situation of vassals competing for hegemony. History of China has entered a turbulent period of great change.
The Spring and Autumn Warring States period was a period of great development of Chinese culture, which realized the historical transformation from the religious superstition culture of divination to the human centered rational humanistic culture in the Cultural history of Chinese thought. Confucianists, Mohists, Legalists, famous scholars, strategists and other theories contend with each other. The Chinese call this period the "Hundred Schools of Thought".
During the Spring and Autumn period, the carved patterns on the bronzes tended to be meticulous, neat, light and convenient, and there appeared gold inlaid inscriptions. The existing bronze swords of Wu and Yue are rare in the world (such as the Sword of Goujian of Yue) for their refined smelting, casting and quenching, skillful alloy technology, excellent external plating and pattern casting. Departments such as salt boiling, iron smelting, and lacquerware have developed. Iron tools are mainly handicraft tools and agricultural tools. The silk fabrics of Qi and the lacquerware of Chu are of high level. A portion of craftsmen become individual producers and operators, living in the "four" areas of the city, selling while producing. Lu Ban, known as the ancestor of craftsmen, lived in the late Spring and Autumn period. Metal coins were minted in the Spring and Autumn period.
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