Gold and Silver-inlaid Sword With Bird Seal Script

ther side and 12 characters on its pommel. The characters were beautiful and pretty with some slight changes. The bird seal script was an artistic character of the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods.

Steel Sword

This sword has not been recorded. Based on its glittering inscriptions, it should be a precious sword of the King of Yue State.

The Ming Dynasty saw rapid development of the iron-smelting industry. During the Hongwu reign (1368-1398), iron-smelting companies run by the government numbered 13. The iron-smelting company in Zunhua (now Zunhua County, Hebei Province), for instance, boasted a smelting furnace measuring over 6 m high, 4 m deep, more than 2 m in diameter inside, and more than 3 m in diameter outside. It produced not only pig iron but also wrought iron and steel. The government used steel primarily for making household utensils and weapons. The sword in the picture, a relic of the Ming Dynasty, is still sharp, pliable, and not too rusty, indicating the advanced technical level of the Ming Dynasty in steel-making.

Bronze ruler

There is a scale of 10 cun (1/3 decimeter) on the front of the bronze ruler. In the grid of each cun engraves mountains, houses and birds in the painting style of the Northern Wei DynastyIt wears severely after used for a long time. Hence it seems to be a ruler of daily use.

The officials of the Northern Wei Dynasty used “Da Dou” (volume measure with larger unit), “Chang Chi” (ruler with longer unit) and “Zhong Cheng” (steelyard with larger scale) when collecting rents, in order to pay more taxes to the country to obtain political achievements and increase their own income from grain, cloth and other in-kind salaries. One chi (length unit) was 23-24 cm in the Han Dynasty, and 25 cm in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties. However, one chi was nearly 31 cm in the Northern Wei Dynasty which was contemporary with the Southern Dynasty.

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