Ancient Chinese Bronze Wine Vessel
Jazz
Drinker and wine warmer. Jue first appeared in the Neolithic Age, while the bronze Jue appeared in the Erlitou period. Jue is one of the most common ritual vessels in the Shang Dynasty.
jiǎ
wine warmer. The difference between jia and jue is that jia has a larger capacity and has no flow and tail. According to the "Book of Rites", "Zuo Zhuan" and other documents, jia is mainly a wine vessel used for naked rituals. Gu is also one of the earliest utensils that appeared in bronze.
horn
The purpose of the horn is similar to that of the jue, and the size is similar, the difference is that the horn has no flow, and there is no column on the edge of the mouth. The shape is like a flying bird with wings, very beautiful. Compared with jue, the number of horns is far less than that of jue, and most of them are exquisitely decorated.
goblet
drinker. Common gus are round, but this gu is unique in that it is square, which is an isolated case among early bronze gus. It shows that the bronze craftsmanship at that time also began to pursue breakthroughs and innovations on the basis of standardization.
zhì
drinker. It was first discovered in the Erlitou period and prevailed in the Shang Dynasty. "Book of Rites Ritual Vessels" records: "In the sacrifice of the ancestral temple, the honorable ones hold up the goblet, and the humble ones hold up the horns." The shape of the zhi is similar to that of a small zun, the cross-section is mostly oval, and a few are round, open or covered, with a bulging lower abdomen and ring feet.
toast
Wine containers and drinking vessels were popular from the mid-Shang Dynasty to the early Western Zhou Dynasty. The number of unearthed bronze wine vessels is far less than that of other bronze wine vessels. At present, there are only more than a hundred pieces in the catalog, and most of them are found in the tombs of nobles with large-scale tombs and high-level tombs.
The shape of Gong is mostly based on wild animals. The cover is the head and back of the beast, the body of the vessel is the belly of the beast, and the feet are the feet of the beast. The mouth of the beast is generally not sealed, so that fine wine can be poured out from it.
respect
wine container. The shape of the Zun is open, neck tied, shoulders folded, abdomen retracted, and feet circled. According to archaeological excavation data, in the Central Plains and Guanzhong areas, Zun as a funeral vessel often matched with You or Fang Yi, and was popular from the late Shang Dynasty to the middle Western Zhou Dynasty.
léi
The wine container also has the purpose of holding water. Popular in the late Shang Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, it is divided into round and square. From the Shang Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty, the form of the 罍 gradually changed from thin and tall to short and thick, and the complicated patterns became less and less elegant. There are similarities between Zun and Zun in shape. Generally speaking, if the shoulder width is larger than the diameter, it is a Zun, and if the shoulder width is smaller than the diameter, it is Zun and You.
bù
The wine ritual vessel or water container appeared in the early Shang Dynasty. Merchant heavy wine, bronze ampoule was produced with the rise of the Shang nation, and occupied a relatively important position in the bronze ritual vessels of the Shang Dynasty.
yí
The wine container was popular in the Shang Dynasty. The appearance of Yi is similar to the palace buildings of the Shang Dynasty, and it is a utensil used by high-ranking nobles.
yǒu
The wine container and the bronze pot appeared in the early Shang Dynasty, and they often appeared in some relatively high-standard tombs as funerary objects. The You of the Shang Dynasty were basically oblate, and there were also a small number of round You, cylindrical You and square You.
pot
wine container. The shape of the pot is similar to that of the you, and the two are mainly distinguished by the way the lid is carried. The one with the female lid (external buckle lid) is classified as the you, and the one with the female lid (the inner lid) is called the pot.
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